Alcohol use disorder (AUD), commonly referred to as alcoholism or alcohol addiction, is a complex condition that impacts approximately 28 million, or 1 in 10 people, aged 12 and over in the United States.
It is characterized by an inability to control or stop drinking despite the negative consequences it causes. AUD is not just excessive drinking. It is a chronic medical condition that can have severe effects on physical and mental health, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Use Disorder
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of alcohol use disorder is essential to understanding the condition. AUD affects individuals in different ways, but there are common behavioral, physical, and emotional signs that suggest alcohol is a problem.
Behavioral
- Drinking more or for longer periods than intended
- Failing to cut back or stop drinking despite wanting to
- Spending a significant amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from alcohol
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home due to drinking
- Continuing to drink even when it causes problems in relationships
- Engaging in risky behaviors, such as driving while intoxicated or mixing alcohol with medications
Physical
- Building a tolerance, needing to consume more alcohol to achieve the same effect
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms, such as shakiness, sweating, nausea, or anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped or reduced
- Declining overall physical health, including frequent illnesses, weight changes, or signs of liver damage
- Neglecting personal hygiene or changes in physical appearance
Emotional
- Using alcohol as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety
- Feeling guilt or shame about drinking habits
- Becoming defensive or secretive about drinking behavior
- Unexplained mood changes
Causes of Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol use disorder is caused by a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and psychological factors. Understanding these causes, along with the available treatment options, is crucial in addressing AUD effectively.
There is no single cause of AUD, but several factors increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include:
- Genetics: A family history of alcoholism can significantly raise the risk of developing AUD. Studies suggest that genetics may account for up to 50% of a person’s susceptibility to the condition.
- Mental health conditions: Anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders often coexist with alcohol use disorder, as individuals may use alcohol to self-medicate.
- Environmental influences: Social and cultural norms, peer pressure, and stressors such as financial difficulties or trauma can contribute to the onset of AUD.
- Early exposure: Individuals who begin drinking at a young age are at a higher risk of developing long-term alcohol problems.
Health Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on the Individual
Alcohol use disorder has severe, systemic health effects that can damage nearly every organ in the body and significantly increase the risk of various cancers. Major health risks include
- Liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis
- Cardiovascular issues: high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, and stroke
- Weakened immune system
- Increased risk of mouth, throat, breast, and liver cancers
- Impairment of mental health, memory, and cognitive function
Alcohol Use Disorder Affects More Than Just One Person
Alcoholism can have a significant impact on families, employment, and the community. Within families, it can create emotional strain, financial challenges, and disrupt relationships. Loved ones may feel neglected or burdened by the effects of alcohol misuse, leading to arguments and tension. In severe cases, it can contribute to domestic violence and breakdowns in family structure. In the workplace, alcoholism can lead to decreased productivity, absenteeism, and strained relationships with colleagues. This can result in job loss for individuals struggling with alcohol dependency, further affecting their financial stability and self-esteem.
Alcohol use disorder often contributes to public health issues, crime, and strained social services. Resources such as law enforcement, healthcare providers, and rehabilitation centers may be stretched thin, trying to address the ripple effects of alcohol misuse. In the United States, alcohol-related deaths are among the leading preventable causes of death. Each year, approximately 180,000 people die from alcohol-related causes, such as liver disease and other health conditions, alcohol poisoning, and drunk driving accidents.
English Mountain Recovery Center Can Help
If you or someone close to you is struggling with alcohol abuse or addiction, you are not alone.
While alcohol use disorder is a chronic condition, it is treatable. The first step is to acknowledge the problem and seek professional help. At English Mountain Recovery Center, located in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee, our team of experts is ready to help you achieve sobriety and restore your life. Reach out to English Mountain Recovery Center today.
